6 - Thermodynamics

HOW TO SOLVE 🆘

Full worked out solutions to the all problems below with explanations available here with 🔐 CHEMDUNN access. 

Calculate the heat needed to take 13.6 g of ethanol (CH3CH2OH) from -50C to 200C.

Melting point:  -114.5C

Boiling point:  78.5C

ΔHfusion : 26 cal/g

ΔHvaporation : 220 cal/g


Specific Heat Capacities:

Solid: 0.332 cal/ (g・C)

Liquid:  0.588 cal/(g・C)

Gas: 0.247 cal/(g・C)


Enthalpy Calculations using:

Upon adding solid potassium hydroxide pellets to water the following reaction takes place:

KOH(s) → KOH(aq) + 43 kJ

Answer the following questions regarding the addition of 14.0g of KOH to water:

      Does the beaker get warmer or colder?

      Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?

      What is the enthalpy change for the dissolution of the 14.0 grams of KOH?



In a coffee cup calorimeter, 100.0 mL of 1.0 M NaOH and 100.0 mL of 1.0 M HCl are mixed.  Both solutions were originally at 24.6°C.  After the reaction, the final temperature is 31.3°C.  Assuming that all solutions have density of 1.0g/cm3 and a specific heat capacity of 4.184 J/g°C, calculate the enthalpy change for the neutralization of HCl by NaOH. Assume that no heat is lost to the surroundings or the calorimeter. 


Substance                          ΔHf° (kJ/mol)

NH4ClO4(s)                         -295

Al2O3(s)                              -1676

AlCl3(s)                               -704

NO(g)                                  90.0

H2O(g)                               -242


Given the information above, calculate the ΔHrxn for the following chemical reaction. 


3 Al(s) + 3 NH4ClO4(s)     Al2O3(s) + AlCl3(s) + 3 NO(g) + 6 H2O(g)


The heat of combustion for the gasses hydrogen, methane and ethane are −285.8, −890.4 and −1559.9 kJ/mol respectively at 298 K. Calculate (at the same temperature) the heat of reaction for the following reaction:

2 CH4(g)  →  C2H6(g)  +  H2(g)



Calculate the change in energy that accompanies the following reaction given the data below. 


H2(g) + F2(g) → 2 HF(g)

Bond Type              Bond Energy

H—H                       432 kJ/mol 

F—F                        154 kJ/mol

H—F                        565 kJ/mol