Voltaic cells, also known as galvanic cells, are fundamental devices in electrochemistry that convert chemical energy into electrical energy through redox reactions. These cells consist of two half-cells connected by a conducting material, typically a wire or salt bridge, and are capable of generating an electric current. Each half-cell contains an electrode immersed in an electrolyte solution. One electrode undergoes oxidation (loses electrons), known as the anode, while the other electrode undergoes reduction (gains electrons), known as the cathode. This electron flow creates a potential difference between the two electrodes, leading to the flow of electrons through the external circuit.