Process of Titration

Preparation: The analyte is placed in a flask. The titrant is filled in the burette.

Addition of Indicator: An indicator is added to the analyte.

Titration: The titrant is slowly added to the analyte until the endpoint is reached, indicated by a color change.

Volume Measurement: The volume of titrant used to reach the endpoint is measured.

Types of Titration

Acid-Base Titration: Determines the concentration of an acid or a base using a base or acid as the titrant.

Redox Titration: Involves a reduction-oxidation reaction between the analyte and titrant.

Precipitation Titration: Based on the formation of a precipitate during the reaction.

Equivalence Point vs. Endpoint

Equivalence Point: The point at which the amount of titrant added is chemically equivalent to the amount of analyte in the solution.

Endpoint: The point where the indicator changes color, signifying the completion of the reaction.

Calculations in Titration

• Formula:MA×VA=MT×VT​

  • MA: Molarity of the analyte.

  • VA: Volume of the analyte.

  • MT: Molarity of the titrant.

  • VT: Volume of the titrant used.

• Determining Concentration: The concentration of the analyte is calculated using the known concentration of the titrant and the volume of titrant used.